Tuesday, November 01, 2011

carrucates and bovates

It seems a carrucate should be the area that a team of eight oxen can plough in a year. It's about 2000 (English) acres, whereas a bovate is one-eighth of that, about 250 acres. Here, I take it from D. Holloway and T. Colton, The Knights Templar in Yorkshire, a very interesting read. Bovate derived from bos, bovis, as you would expect. But Webster says a carucate (note the single r) is the same as a bovate, same as a (Kent and Domesday Book) hide, equal to 120 acres. Hmmm. A toft, on the other hand, is not at all a precise area, but, like a vill, describes a kind of unit of the landscape. A toft is a dwelling, together with a plot of cultivable land, a house-and-garden. A county could be divided into hundreds, and a hundred into vills. Chain-mail is hammered chain!